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Sheath Material
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Features
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Advantages
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Disvantages
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Typical Applications
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SS304/321
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The most common economical type
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Good oxidation resistance (up to about 870°C), good forming and welding properties
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Average corrosion resistance, poor performance in reducing atmospheres (such as cracking furnaces, carburizing)
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General industrial furnaces (no strong corrosion, no chloride ions), hot water systems, heating systems, non-critical process temperature measurement (<870°C oxidizing atmosphere)
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SS316/316Ti
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Better corrosion resistance than 304/321 is required, especially in chloride ion environment
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SS316:significantly improved corrosion resistance due to add molybdenum SS316Ti:adding titanium (Ti) for stabilization treatment to improve high temperature sensitization issues
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Costs more than 304/321.
Chloride ion stress corrosion cracking may still occur (although better than 304/321).
Does not perform well in high temperature reducing atmospheres (carburizing, sulfiding)
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Chemical processes (containing weak acids, chloride ions), food processing, pharmaceuticals, low-temperature sections of flue gas desulfurization (FGD), general petrochemical applications
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SS310
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Stainless steels that require higher high temperature oxidation resistance
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The continuous use temperature in an oxidizing atmosphere can reach about 1150°C
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Very sensitive to sulfide corrosion (such as H₂S), and problems in the presence of chloride ions at high temperatures
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High temperature air/oxidizing atmosphere furnaces (such as heat treatment furnaces, ceramic kilns, high temperature sections of incinerators), radiant tubes
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SS446
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Ferritic stainless steel specifically for use in sulfur-containing environments (high temperature resistance to sulfurization)
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Excellent resistance to high temperature sulfidation corrosion,
Good oxidation resistance,
Low thermal expansion coefficient
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Poor toughness, difficult to process
May become brittle when used for a long time at >480°C.
Poor resistance to chloride ion corrosion.
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Sulfur-containing fuel combustion environment (such as refinery heating furnace, cracking furnace, coal gasification furnace), garbage incinerator and other sulfur-containing high-temperature reducing atmospheres
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SS347
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Good high temperature stability and intergranular corrosion resistance are required
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Stabilized by adding niobium (Nb),
Good high temperature oxidation resistance,
High temperature strength is better than 304/316
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The cost is higher than 304/316, and it still has limitations in strong reducing atmospheres and chloride ion-containing environments.
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Aircraft engine parts, heat exchanger tubes, equipment that needs to be used at high temperatures after welding, industrial furnaces that require high temperature stability (no strong corrosion)
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Inconel600
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General nickel-based alloy, used in high temperature, strong redox alternation or weak corrosion environment
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Excellent high temperature oxidation resistance: up to about 1150°C.
Good high temperature strength.
Excellent resistance to chloride ion stress corrosion cracking.
Relatively stable in carburizing/nitriding atmospheres.
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Poor resistance to reducing sulfur corrosion: Sensitive to H₂S, etc.
Not resistant to strong acids (such as hot concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid).
The cost is much higher than stainless steel.
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Heat treatment furnaces (especially carburizing, carbonitriding), nuclear industry (steam generator tubes), petrochemical cracking furnaces (sulfur-free or low-sulfur), ammonia reformers, electronic components, aerospace
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Inconel625
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Harsh environments requiring extremely excellent corrosion resistance and ultra-high strength
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Excellent resistance to general and localized corrosion,
Excellent high temperature strength,
Good oxidation resistance: up to about 1150°C,
Good resistance to stress corrosion cracking.
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One of the most expensive commonsheath materials
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Offshore platforms, seawater/brine cooling systems, strong acid environments (such as hydrometallurgy, chemical plants), flue gas desulfurization (FGD) high temperature corrosion areas, aerospace high temperature components, nuclear waste treatment, extremely corrosive chemical processes
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Inconel800
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Where a balance of high temperature strength, carburization resistance and good redox corrosion resistance is required
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Excellent resistance to high temperature carburization and oxidation,
Good resistance to high temperature corrosion:
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Not as good as higher grade alloys in strong reducing sulfur corrosion or strong acidic environment
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Ethylene cracking furnace tubes (anti-carburization), heat treatment furnaces (carburization, controlled atmosphere), petrochemical heating furnaces, industrial gas turbines, heat exchangers, chemical reactors (high temperature corrosion)
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Inconel825
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Specially designed for harsh environments with strong reducing acids (especially sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid) and resistance to stress corrosion cracking
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Outstanding resistance to strong reducing acid corrosion
Excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking
Good resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion.
Good oxidation resistance (approximately 1000°C)
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High cost, high temperature strength is not as good as 625/800
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Sulfuric acid pickling equipment, phosphoric acid production, offshore oil production, nuclear fuel reprocessing, chemical strong acid environment, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) absorption tower
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Nicrobell
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High nickel content (>70%), soft texture, good sealing, but lower strength than Inconel
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High temperature and oxidation resistance, reducing atmosphere resistance,
not resistant to chloride ions
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High cost
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Heating furnace, annealing furnace (≤1200℃), reactor (non-strongly corrosive media), pipeline temperature monitoring, gas turbine, steam pipeline, glass furnace low temperature section (≤1300℃)
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IPv6 network supported